Fuel injector



B. G. PARSONS FUEL INJECTOR Filed. Dec. 14, 1944 s sheets shee t 1 ,IINVENTOR.

B G. mans FUEL INJECTOR Filed Dec. 14, 1944 3 sheec swsheet 2 x 'JNVENTOR.

59 6, PariaM-fi Patented Aug. 6, i946 .117

UNHTED "STATES PATENT GFFIQE H N FUELINJECTOR V Ben G. Parsons, Grosse Pointe; assignor to i Fuel Charger Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a

' f corporation of Michigan Application December 14, 1944, Serial No. 568,177

11 Claims. (01. 103-251 g 1 The present invention in liquid pumping devices and particularly to fuel injectors for use with internal combustion engines. I

. Theprimary objectof the present invention is to provide improvements in devices of the type mentioned whereby asingle plunger-is employed Other objects of the invention will becomeapparentfrom the specification, the drawings re lating thereto, and from the claims hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings, in which like numerals are in the several views.

used to designate like parts throughout:

relatesto improvementscombustion engine cylinders. In the particular Fig. 1 is a vertical crossesectional view, with such injector mountedon the-crankcase ofan' in-- ternal combustion engine;

Fig. 2 is a top plan viewof the structure shown in Fig. 1 taken substantially along the line 33 ofFig. land with the plunger.

at the beginning of the delivery stroke;

, Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 3, but. taken ata-right angle thereto and showing the 'parts in..a,difierent.operating position; i Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken substan-. tially along the line 5-. 5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional. view taken,

line6--6ofFig.3;.

Fig. '7 is an exploded view of theparts makin up the injector assembly;

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional-view of the cam ring; F g. 91s a side elevational .viewof the drive shaft;

J l 'Fig..1-0 is a side elevationalview of. the, pump-.- ing plunger; and v a Fig. 11 is aninverted, developed,-elevational view 'of the cam ring showing one of the rollers in its association therewith. f

-The present invention relates to improvement over the structure disclosed and..claimed in the copending application of Ben G. Parsons Serial No..561,958, filedNovember4, 1944. F In general, the injector of the present invention employs a single cylinder for distributing liquid fuel, such as gasoline, to a multiplicity of internal.

ima ne.

injector shown in Fig; 1 and with such injector removedfrom attachmentto the crankcase} Fig. 3 is avertical cross-sectional view of-the.

i from the following description. 1

embodiment illustratedthe pump is designed to distribute to six cylinders, by Way of example; -It will be obvious that it could be constructed to deliver to more or less cylinders. For a six-cylin-' der engine only one of the-injectors of the present invention would be needed; and for a four-cylinder engine one designed to deliver to four cylinders would be needed and would have four deliv-= ery ports with corresponding changes in the delivery ratio and cam design. Also, it is 'contem-' plated that for 'twelveor eighteen-cylinder eninjector was designed for six or four delivery ports.

trated as being mounted on a. crankcase l of aninternal combustion engine-"It is driven from the engine oam shaft 2 which is mounted -with-' in the crankcase inthe usual way. -:.A- beveledgear 3 is fixed to one end of the cam shaftZ-for nected'to'f the injector and serves to'operatethe injector in am'anner that will be more apparent The "fuel 'injecto'ri's generally indicated at 6 and comprises a plunger housing "1 formed'with' a central axial bore'B therethrou'gh. The housing" 1 hasformed therein a plurality of radially ex-j tendingand equally spaced inlet bores or ports 9 which open into the bore 8.- An annular, external recess or groove I0 is formed around the housing 1 and communicates with the outer ends of passageways 9. Thereare six offsuch bores 9 in the embodimentillustrated.

An inlet tube-fitting ll embraces the casing 1 around therecess ID to form anjannular inlet chamber therebetween. The fitting'lll has a tubular projection 12 thereon to which a flexible tube or conduit may be connected. The conduit (not shown) leads to the source of fuel supply.

The fitting l l is mounted on the housing 1 and hasrubbersealing rings l 3.. and l4 disposed on 011 posite. sides thereof, the ring l3 abutting against a shoulder formed on the casing "l and the ring I4 being disposed between the adjacent faces of the fitting II and the fitting nut 15. The nut, I5 is. threaded onto athreaded portion formedon the exterior surface of thecasing 1.

The injector of the present inventionis-illus opposite ends of the passageways l6 communicate with axially extending openings I! formed in a radially projecting flange 8 of the housing I. There are six of the discharge passageways I6 in the embodiment illustrated, one for each of the engine cylinders.

drive member 32.

Such passageways are rotatably spaced between the inlet passageways 3. This relationship is best seen from a comparison of Figs. 5 and 6.

The injector assembly 6' is" mounted to the crankcase I by means of mounting bolts l9 which are passed through the openings [1. A distributor ring or tube ring is disposed between the flange l8 and the adjacent face of the crankcase I. Sealing gaskets 2| are disposed between the facing surfaces of the ring 20 and the crankcase I and flange F8. The mounting bolts I 3 pass through openings l7" formed-in the cam ring 20 and have reduced portions 22 which form with such openings l1 and the openings [1 an annular chamber into which the corresponding; passageways l5 open and commu-nicate.

Distributor tubes or conduits 23, there being one for each cylinder, are fixedly moun'ted on the ring 20. Bares or passageways 24 are formed in the ring 20, there being one for each of the openings f1 and for each of the conduits 23. Eachconduit 23 communicates with one of the bores 24 and in turn communicates with the chamber formed between the reduced portion 22 and the openings l1 and IT through ring 20 and flange 18 respectively. The opposite ends-oi the tubes 23- are'each connected to an injector nozzle (not shown) The nozzles are associated with the engine cylinders, as will be understood by those skilled in' this art, and may be of the type disclosed in the 'copending. application of Ben'G'. Parsons Serial No. 546,352; 'filed' July 24,1944. T a

The hollow delivery pIungerZEis-rotatabIy and reciprocally disposed within the bore kernel. has an: opening through one end" thereof "which is in open communication with the bore 8. The? space within the hollow 1311111921125? is indicated at 26. The plunger 25 is formed withaplurality of equally spaced inletxopenings 21 formed-through the wall: thereof. adjacent the open end- There are six of such openings 21 in the embodiment illustrated, one corresponding to each-cf the: inlet the cam ring 39.

4 The member 32 has another groove 33 formed in the opposite end thereof which receives therein the tongue 29. A driving connection is thus established between the shaft of the gear 4 and the plunger 25 so that the plunger 25 is rotated with gear 4. The upper end of tongue 29 is formed on a radius as indicated at 34, so'that alignment of the plunger 25 within bore 8 is not disturbed upon rotation of member 32.

-Member 32 has a pair of diametrically opposed .Stub axles 35 formed thereon which serve to mount rollers 36. The rollers 36 are retained on the stub axles by means of snap rings 31. The rollers 36 are constantly held against the cam surface 38 of a cam ring 39. The cam surface 38 is. designed to efiect proper reciprocation of the plunger 25 upon rotation thereof, in the present instance being designed with six crests and troughs. The cam ring 39 is mounted Withinthe wall portion 30 and is held against axial displacement by-means of a snap ring 40 against which it bears and which is received within the annular, internal groove formed in the casing portion 39. Itis located in its proper rotative position by means of a locating pin M which is properly located and fixed to the portion 30 and which is received within an opening formed in It will thus be seen that upon rotation of the gear 4, which is timed with the cam shaft 2, the'plunger 25 is caused to rotate and reciprocate. Reciprocation of the member 32 with rewhich is aligned with one of the ports'21, as

shown in Fig. 4. The port 28 is adaptedto register with ports H5 in succession in a manner that will. become more apparent from. the following description.

The plunger 25 is rotated and reciprocated within the bore 8 to effect delivery of the fuel through the delivery passageways [6 in succession. The closed end of the plunger 25 has a transversely extending tongue 29 projecting upwardly therefrom. The plunger and tongue projectbeyond the bore 8 within an enlarged space formed by an integral annularportion. 3!! of the casing 1. The tongue 5', on the shaft of the beveled gear 4. also projects downwardly Within the spacewithin wall 33 and is received within a groove 3! formed in a drive shaft or tion with one of the passageways l6.

spect to the shaft beveled gear 34 is permitted, due to the tongue and groove connection there- :betweenQ When the rollers 36 argon the crests of the cam 38', the plunger is at the'beginning of the inlet orsuction stroke, and the six inlet openings-9 are overlapped with the inlet openings- 21 in the plunger to provide inlet communication into the interior space 26 within the plunger. At thi time there isno communica-' tion between the distributor-port 28 and, any-of the passageways [6. When the rollers 36 are on the troughs of the cam 38, the plunger 25 is at the end of the intake stroke and the beginning of the delivery stroke. Further rotation of the plunger brings the'opening 28 into communica- At this time the passageways 9* are closed off, There are thussix cycles of reciprocation of theplunger for each rotation thereof, so; that forlonerot'a tion of the plunger the port 28 is brought into communication with .all of the passageways {6, in succession.

A coil spring? disposed within the hollow threadably connected .to theendpf thenasing 1 and has a control lever lll fixedthereto... By adjusting the rotative'. position of thecap 41 with the lever. 48, thetensiOn. on spring 46 is varied so that. the relative axial positionof piston l l with respect toplunger 25 may be adjusted.

This; i'n'effect, varies the amount of fuel contained within space 26 so that the amount of fue1 delivered due to the reciprocation of the plunger 25'may be adjustably varied. The lever 1 on the delivery, when only one is open. This makes it possible to dispense with the use of a transfer pump.

In the operation of the device above described,

fuel is constantly supplied through tube l2-so that there is a constant supply of fuel within space 'Iil and within the inlet openings 9. With the plunger 25 in such a rotative position that the rollers 36 are on the crests of the cam 38, the plunger is at the beginning of its intake stroke; and as the rollers 36 move'toward the troughs of the cams; the plunger 25 moves upwardly with the openings 21 overlapping and communicating with inlet openings 9. Fuel is thus drawn into the space 26. When the rollers 36 reach the troughs in the cam 38, the plunger is at the end of the intake stroke and atthe beginning of the delivery stroke. Further rotation of the plunger 25 causes the rollers to move to the crests of the cam, and at the beginning of such movement communication between openings 21 and 9 is cut off; and opening 28 communicates with one of the passageways l6 delivering fuel to the particular cylinder associated with that passageway throughits particular conduit 23. There are six troughs and crests on the cam 38 so that for each rotation of the piston 25 the delivery port 28 is brought into communication with all of the passageways Iii in succession. When therollers 36 are at the troughs'of the cam, only one distributor opening l6 communication with the space 26 through the opening 28, and all of the inlet openings il are closed. When the rollers 35 are at the crests of the cam, all six inlet openings 9 are in communication with the space 26 through openings 21. A uniform charge of fuel is thus delivered through the port 28 to the delivery ports It in succession as the piston 25 rotates and reciprocates. The stroke of the piston 25 is constant; but the effective stroke thereof, that is, the amount of confined fuel delivered through the delivery ports, may be adjustably varied by adjusting the piston 44, as above described.

What is claimed is: w

1. In a fuel pump having a casing, a longitudinal bore within said casing, means providing a plurality of fuel inlet ports through said casing communicating with said bore, means providing a plurality of delivery ports through said casing axially spaced from said inlet ports and communicating with said bore, a hollow delivery plunger disposed within said bore, means in said plunger communicating the interior ofsaid plunger with said inlet ports, means in said plunger communicating the interior of said plunger with said delivery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plunger to effect delivery of fuel through said delivery ports in succession.

2. In a fuel pump having a casing, a longitudinal bore within said casing, means providing a plurality of equally and circumferentially spaced fuel-inlet ports through saidcasing communicating "withsaid bore, means providing a plurality of equally" and circumferentially spaced: delivery ports through said casing axially spaced from said inlet ports and communicating with said bore, a hollow delivery plungeridisposed within said boreymeansin said plunger'communicating the interior of'said plunger with said inlet ports, means in said plunger communicating the interior of said plunger with said delivery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plunger to effect delivery of fuel delivery ports in succession.

3. ma fuel pump having a casing, a longitudinal bore within said casing, means providing a plurality of fuelinlet ports through said casing communicating with said bore, means providing a plurality of delivery ports through said casing axially spaced from said inlet ports and'communicating with said bore, a hollow delivery plunger disposed within said bore, means pro-' livery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plungerto effect delivery of fuel through said delivery ports in succession. g 4. In a fuel pump having a casing, a longitudinal bore within said casing; means providing a plurality of fuel inlet ports through'said casing communicating With'said bore, means providing a plurality of delivery ports through said casing laxiallyspaced from said inlet ports and communicating with said bore, a hollow delivery plunger disposed within said bore, means providing a plurality of inlet passageways corresponding'to the number of said inlet ports in said plunger communicating the interior of said plunger with said inlet ports,- means providing an outlet passageway in said plunger communi cating the interior of said plunger with said delivery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plunger to effect delivery of fuel through said delivery ports invsuccession.

5. In afuel pump having a casing, a longitudinal bore within said casing, means providing .a

plurality of 'fiielinlet ports through said casing communicating with said bore, means providing a plurality of delivery ports through said casing axially spaced from said inlet ports and communicating with said'bore, a hollow delivery plunger disposed within said bore, mean providing a plurality of inlet passageways corresponding to the number of said inlet ports in said plunger communicating the interior of said plunger with said inlet ports,.means providing an outlet passageway in said plunger communicating the interior of said plunger with said delivery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plunger to effect delivery of fuel through said delivery ports in succession.

6. In a fuel pump having a casing, a longithrough; said said plunger with said inlet ports,- means providing an outlet passageway" in said plunger communicatingthe interior of said plunger with said delivery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plunger to effect delivery of fuel through said-delivery ports in succession. I

7. In a fuel pump having a casing, a longitudinal bore within said casing, means providing a plurality of fuel inlet ports through said casing communicating with said bore, means providing a plurality of delivery ports through said casing axially spaced from said inlet ports and communicating with said bore, ahollow delivery plunger disposed within said bore, means providing a pluralityof inlet passageways in said plunger communicating the interior of said plunger withsaid inlet ports, means providing a single outlet passageway in said plunger communicating thefinterior of said plunger with said delivery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plunger to effect delivery of fuel through said delivery ports in succession.

8 In a, 'fuel pump having a casing, a longi tudinal. bore within said casing, means providing aplurality of fuelinlet ports through said casing communicating with said bore, means providing aplurality ,of delivery ports through said casing axially spaced from said inlet ports and communicating with said bore, a hollow delivery plunger disposed within said bore, means providing a plurality of inlet passageways in said plunger communicating :the interior of said plunger with saidinlet ports, means providing an outlet passageway in said plunger communicating the'interior of said plunger with said delivery ports, said outlet passageway being axially spaced from said inlet passageway a-distance greater than the axial spacing between said inlet and said outlet ports,

inletzrDOI'tS, means providing asingle outlet pas;

municating-with said bore, means providing aplurality of delivery ports through said casing axially spaced from said inlet and communicating with said bore, a hollow delivery plunger disposed within said bore, means in said plunger communicating the interior of said plunger with said inlet ports, means in said plunger communicating the interior of said-plunger with said delivery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plunger'to effect delivery of fuel through said delivery ports in succession, said last named means comprising a rotatable member operatively connected to said plunger,- and cam means operably connected, to said rotatable member to effect axial movement of, said member and said plunger upon rotation thereof.

11. In a fuel pump having a casing, a longitudinal bore within said casing, means providing a plurality of fuel inlet ports in said casing com.

munipating with said bore, means providing a plurality of delivery ports through said casing axially spaced from said inlet ports and communicating with said bore, a hollow delivery plunger disposed within said bore, means providinga plurality of fuel inlet passageways in said plunger communicating the interior of said plunger with said inlet ports, means providing an outlet passageway in said plunger axially spaced from said inlet passageways and commu nicating the interior of said'plunger with said delivery ports, and means to reciprocate and rotate said plunger to effect delivery of fuel through said delivery ports in succession, said last named means comprising a rotatable member operatively connected to said plunger, and cam means 0perably connected to said rotatable member to effect axial movement of said member and said plunger upon rotation thereof.

BEN G. PARSONS. 

